Abstract
This project initiated this summer is to continue through May 1966. The project, a comparative analysis of interspecies communications and social interactions in wild free-ranging ungulates, aims to extend and correlate our previous research. The group of hoofed mammals has been strangely neglected in respect to behavioral research although it provides a wide variety of social patterns and interaction systems. Subprimate behavior-theory and ecology can expect to be greatly strengthened by recognition of these patterns. Project Number 124.