Symmetry and asymmetry between positive and negative square energies of graphs
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The positive and negative square energies of a graph, $s^+(G)$ and $s^-(G)$, are the sums of squares of the positive and negative eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix, respectively. The first results on square energies revealed symmetry between $s^+(G)$ and $s^-(G)$. This paper reviews examples of asymmetry between these parameters, for example using large random graphs and the ratios $s^+/s^-$ and $s^-/s^+$, as well as new examples of symmetry. Some questions previously asked about $s^{+}$ and $s^{-}$ are answered and several further avenues of research are suggested.
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